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Mughal-E-Azam - A classic revived!
By Satish Kalra ©2004 Bollyvista.com
Mughal-E-Azam is in the news once more, 44 years after its first screening. It’s due to be released in theaters all over again in India, after being colorized. The film was only partly in color when it was first released in August 1960. The production costs of the film were then rumored/estimated to be around Rs. 1 crore (10 million), at a time when a movie could be made at about 1/10th of that budget. Grandeur was its producer K. Asif's strength. He did not stop short of anything when making his films, and money was no object.
The film was originally planned to begin in the late 1940's, with Nargis and Chadramohan as the lead pair. How far it progressed is not very well known, but apparently it did not go too far. The star cast was then replaced by Madhubala and Dilip Kumar, who were a hot pair in the 1950's, with ‘Tarana’ making it big time at the box office, principally thanks to its lilting and melodious music scored by Anil Biswas.
With Asif's ‘Hulchul’ (1951) not a success at the box office, his financial standing in the film industry took a big dip, but this did not deter him from going ahead with his grandiose plans for Mughal-E-Azam. The financial angle led him to partner its production with Sterling Investment Corp. Pvt. Ltd. Filmistan, a behemoth of a film-producing studio in those days. They quickly embarked on their own version of a film on emperor Akbar. Titled ‘Anarkali’, they made a quickie of it, releasing the film in 1953 with its music scoring the bull's eye in the popularity charts.
The songs of Mughal-E-Azam, written by Shakeel Badayuni were composed by Naushad and recorded in various singers' voices over its entire production span from the early 1950's until the film was completed in early 1960. The climax song, 'khudaa nigehbaan ho tumhaaraa', has a strong similarity with 'na milataa gham to barbaadii ke afsaane kahaan jaate,' from ‘Amar’ (1954). For the song sequence when Prince Salim is born, K. Asif wanted Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (UBGAK) to sing. Naushad was deputed to rein in UBGAK, but Khan-saaheb wanted no part of any film song, and turned Naushad down. Undeterred, K. Asif kept Naushad approaching UBGAK repeatedly, and finally one day, Khan-saaheb quoted an unheard sum of money to sing a song, Rs. 25,000 (assuming no one would pay him that princely sum when the going rate for the top singers was between Rs. 1,000 to 2,000). To Khan-saaheb's utter astonishment, K. Asif immediately agreed to it and signed him on for two numbers. The only film songs ever by UBGAK, 'shubh din aayo', and 'prem jogan ban ke', are considered among the best classical film renditions to date.
By many a student of the Hindi cinema, the love scene, where Dilip Kumar caresses Madhubala's face with a feather, is considered to be among the most romantic scene, without a word of dialogue being spoken. Interestingly, after a falling out between Dilip and Madhubala during the making of ‘Naya Daur’ (1957), they were hardly on speaking terms anyway. {Madhubala was originally signed by B. R. Chopra to do ‘Naya Daur’. Something went wrong, and Mr. Chopra sued Madhubala for breach of contract, etc. Dilip Kumar had to testify in the court, and his testimony went against Madhubala, putting an end to their rumored long-time affair.}
The film had a huge star cast, led by Prithviraj Kapoor as Emperor Akbar, with his special style of dialogue delivery. And what a performance he rendered, looking and acting like a real emperor throughout. In my personal opinion, Dilip Kumar did look very subdued in his performance compared to Prithviraj Kapoor's. The other cast members included Durga Khote (as Jodhabai), Murad (as her brother Maan Singh), Ajit (in a non-villainous role), Surendra as Tansen, and thousands of junior artistes for the elaborate battle scenes between Akbar and Salim. Those 'realistic' battle scenes must have cost K. Asif a real fortune. But the real piece de resistance was the set of 'Sheesh Mahal', where Anarkali dances and sings 'jab pyaar kiyaa to daranaa kyaa'. Built at a cost of over Rs. 1 lakh, it was the talk of the entire film industry for its magnificence, and it is said that Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (later Prime Minister of Pakistan) liked it so much that he used to visit the set often.
In the initial few days, the film suffered from a lack of enthusiasm among the cine-goers. This dilemma was caused more from the extraordinary hype of the film and the perception among those who would generally buy-the-tickets-in-the-black-market, rather than go for advance bookings, so that tickets would not be available at all or only at very high prices. {On the third day of its release, Rs. 2.50 tickets were being sold at the Golcha cinema in Delhi for Rs. 2.} However, as time went by and the word-of-mouth spread about the films' merits, crowds began thronging to the cinema halls, and it went on to celebrate silver and golden jubilees at many centers across the country. Two of the songs in the film, 'ai ishq ye sab duniyaa vale', and 'hamein kaash tumse muhabbat na hotii' were added in a few months after the initial release, to revive the somewhat dwindling ticket sales.
Another interesting trivial fact regarding this film was that the only Rafi (& chorus) song 'zindaabaad zindaabaad, ai muhabbat zindaabad' was deleted from the film in some centers by the exhibitors (i.e., cinemas), e.g., by the Golcha theater in Delhi, ostensibly for the reason that the song turned out to be a disinteresting one and many among the audience were taking it as a break for a cigarette or for a pit stop. Instant hit songs from the film were 'mohe panghat pe nandlal chhed gayo re' and 'pyaar kiyaa to darnaa kyaa', while 'bekas pe karam kiijiiye sarkaar-e -madiinaa' is among the finest 'naats' (equivalent of a bhajan) in Hindi films. Any talk about a historic (both literally and figuratively) film such as Mughal-E-Azam would be incomplete without delving into the popular awards it got, or rather did not get. The only Filmfare awards it got were for the Best Film, Best Cinematography, and Best Dialogues. {The cinematography and dialogue awards used to be decided by a panel of judges.} K. Asif was reportedly very angered and refused to accept the award, contending that if it had no Best Director, Actor/Actress or Music/Lyrics, then how could it be the Best Film! Also, there was only one trophy given for the Best Dialogue when the writing team consisted of four people.
The film is soon going to be released in its new 'avatar' of a fully 'colorized' movie, thanks to modern technology. Whether or not colorization will re-ignite a genuine interest among the filmgoers of today is yet to be seen. It also depends upon whether the process can do justice to the original B/W photography, which brings out the contrast between light and dark shades so effectively. Colorized black and white films did not take off in a big way in the US, and the studios discontinued the effort when they did not see much commercial success in the process. The reason may be the averseness among the filmgoers to black and white films, or just the general thought that color films are better. It reminds me of an incident about 20 years ago. Harry, our neighbor's then 8-year old son, happened to be at our place, playing with our kids. Seeing us watching an old, B/W film, and thinking we did not have a color TV, he said, 'Satish uncle, if you want to watch this film in color, you can come to our house.'
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